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பதஞ்ஜலி யோக³ ஸூத்ராணி - 1 (ஸமாதி⁴ பாத³)

பாதஞ்ஜலி யோக³ ஸூத்ராணி are concise aphorisms that describe how a restless mind can become steady, clear, and inwardly free. The sutras are intentionally compact: each line is a "pointer" that opens up through study, reflection, and sustained practice. Traditional study reads them with a teacher (கு³ரு) and a commentary; this meaning file is a structured aid for that kind of slow, repeatable contemplation.

The full work is arranged into four chapters (பாதா³:). ஸமாதி⁴ பாத³ defines what யோக³ is, explains how the mind wanders, and outlines the core tools for steady focus. ஸாத⁴ன பாத³ turns that vision into daily discipline: it explains the causes of suffering, introduces க்ரியா-யோக³, and lays the groundwork for the eight-limbed path.

அத² ஸமாதி⁴பாத:³ ।

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Now begins the chapter on deep meditation - the section that explains steady focus and inner stillness.

அத² யோகா³னுஶாஸனம் ॥ 1 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Now begins the disciplined teaching of yoga.

யோக³ஶ்சித்தவ்ருத்தி நிரோத:⁴ ॥ 2 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Yoga is the stilling of the mind's fluctuations.

ததா³ த்³ரஷ்டு: ஸ்வரூபேவஸ்தா²னம் ॥ 3 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Then the seer rests established in its own true nature.

வ்ருத்தி ஸாரூப்யமிதரத்ர ॥ 4 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
At other times, the seer identifies with the mind's modifications.

வ்ருத்தய: பஞ்சதய்ய: க்லிஷ்டாக்லிஷ்டா: ॥ 5 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The mind's modifications are fivefold, and they can be either afflicted or unafflicted.

ப்ரமாண விபர்யய விகல்ப நித்³ரா ஸ்ம்ருதய: ॥ 6 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The five kinds of mental modifications are right knowledge, misconception, imagination, sleep, and memory.

ப்ரத்யக்ஷானுமானாக³மா: ப்ரமாணானி ॥ 7 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Right knowledge comes from direct perception, inference, and reliable testimony.

விபர்யயோ மித்²யாஜ்ஞானமதத்³ரூப ப்ரதிஷ்ட²ம் ॥ 8 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Misconception is false knowledge grounded in something other than the thing's true nature.

ஶப்³தஜ³்ஞானானுபாதீ வஸ்துஶூன்யோ விகல்ப: ॥ 9 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Imagination is a mental construct that follows words but lacks a corresponding reality.

அபா⁴வ ப்ரத்யயாலம்ப³னா வ்ருத்திர்னித்³ரா ॥ 1௦ ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Sleep is a mental modification supported by the cognition of absence.

அனுபூ⁴த விஷயாஸம்ப்ரமோஷ: ஸ்ம்ருதி: ॥ 11 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Memory is the retention of what has been experienced, without losing it.

அப்⁴யாஸ வைராக்³யாப்⁴யாம் தன்னிரோத:⁴ ॥ 12 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Their stilling is accomplished through practice and dispassion.

தத்ர ஸ்தி²தௌ யத்னோப்⁴யாஸ: ॥ 13 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Practice is the effort to remain established in that steadiness.

ஸ து தீ³ர்க⁴கால நைரந்தர்ய ஸத்காராஸேவிதோ த்³ருட⁴பூ⁴மி: ॥ 14 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Practice becomes firmly grounded when it is sustained for a long time, done without interruption, and pursued with sincere care and reverence.

த்³ருஷ்டானுஶ்ரவிக விஷய வித்ருஷ்ணஸ்ய வஶீகாரஸஞ்ஜ்ஞா வைராக்³யம் ॥ 15 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Dispassion is the mastery that arises when craving for objects seen or heard about no longer dominates.

தத்பரம் புருஷக்²யாதே-ர்கு³ணவைத்ருஷ்ண்யம் ॥ 16 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The higher dispassion is freedom from craving even for the qualities of nature, born of clear discernment of the seer.

விதர்க விசாரானந்தா³ஸ்மிதாரூபானுக³மாத் ஸம்ப்ரஜ்ஞாத: ॥ 17 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Absorption with cognitive support is accompanied by inquiry, subtle reflection, joy, and a subtle sense of individuality.

விராமப்ரத்யயாப்⁴யாஸபூர்வ: ஸம்ஸ்காரஶேஷோன்ய: ॥ 18 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The other absorption is preceded by repeated practice of cessation, leaving only latent impressions.

ப⁴வப்ரத்யயோ விதே³ஹப்ரக்ருதிலயானாம் ॥ 19 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
For the disembodied and those absorbed into nature, this state is caused by their condition of existence (their birth-state).

ஶ்ரத்³தா⁴ வீர்ய ஸ்ம்ருதி ஸமாதி⁴ப்ரஜ்ஞா பூர்வக இதரேஷாம் ॥ 2௦ ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
For other practitioners, it is preceded by trust, energy, mindfulness, steady focus, and insight.

தீவ்ரஸம்வேகா³னாமாஸன்ன: ॥ 21 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
For those with intense ardor and urgency, realization is near.

ம்ருது³மத்⁴யாதி⁴மாத்ரத்வாத்ததோபி விஶேஷ: ॥ 22 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Even among seekers, there are distinctions based on whether the intensity is mild, moderate, or intense.

ஈஶ்வரப்ரணிதா⁴னாத்³வா ॥ 23 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Alternatively, it can be attained through devoted surrender to the Lord.

க்லேஶ கர்ம விபாகாஶயைரபராம்ருஷ்ட: புருஷவிஶேஷ ஈஶ்வர: ॥ 24 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The Lord is a special seer, untouched by afflictions, actions, their fruits, and the storehouse of latent impressions.

தத்ர நிரதிஶயம் ஸர்வஜ்ஞபீ³ஜம் ॥ 25 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
In the Lord lies the unsurpassed seed of omniscience.

ஸ ஏஷ: பூர்வேஷாமபி கு³ரு: காலேனானவச்சே²தா³த் ॥ 26 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
He is also the teacher of the ancient teachers, being unbounded by time.

தஸ்ய வாசக: ப்ரணவ: ॥ 27 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The sacred syllable Om is the expressive symbol of the Lord.

தஜ்ஜபஸ்தத³ர்த²பா⁴வனம் ॥ 28 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Its repetition should be accompanied by contemplation of its meaning.

தத: ப்ரத்யக்சேதனாதி⁴க³மோப்யந்தராயாபா⁴வஶ்ச ॥ 29 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
From that comes direct realization of inner consciousness, and the removal of obstacles.

வ்யாதி⁴ ஸ்த்யான ஸம்ஶய ப்ரமாதா³லஸ்யாவிரதி ப்⁴ராந்தி
த³ர்ஶனாலப்³த⁴பூ⁴மிகத்வானவஸ்தி²தத்வானி சித்தவிக்ஷேபாஸ்தேம்தராயா: ॥ 3௦ ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Illness, dullness, doubt, carelessness, laziness, lack of restraint, mistaken perception, failure to attain stages, and instability are the obstacles that scatter the mind.

து³:க² தௌ³ர்மனஸ்யாங்க³மேஜயத்வ ஶ்வாஸப்ரஶ்வாஸா விக்ஷேபஸஹபு⁴வ: ॥ 31 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Suffering, dejection, bodily agitation, and irregular breathing accompany mental distraction.

தத்ப்ரதிஷேதா⁴ர்த²மேகதத்த்வாப்⁴யாஸ: ॥ 32 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
To counter these obstacles, practice one-pointed focus on a single principle.

மைத்ரீ கருணா முதி³தோபேக்ஷாணாம் ஸுக² து³:க² புண்யாபுண்ய விஷயாணாம்-பா⁴வனாதஶ்சித்தப்ரஸாத³னம் ॥ 33 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The mind becomes serene by cultivating friendliness toward the happy, compassion toward the suffering, appreciative joy toward the virtuous, and equanimity toward the non-virtuous.

ப்ரச்ச²ர்த³ன விதா⁴ரணாப்⁴யாம் வா ப்ராணஸ்ய ॥ 34 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Or, by working with the breath through exhalation and retention.

விஷயவதீ வா ப்ரவ்ருத்திருத்பன்னா மனஸ: ஸ்தி²தி நிப³ந்தி⁴னீ ॥ 35 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Or, the mind can be steadied by an object-centered flow of attention that arises through the senses.

விஶோகா வா ஜ்யோதிஷ்மதீ ॥ 36 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Or, steadiness can arise through a luminous, sorrowless state of awareness.

வீதராக³ விஷயம் வா சித்தம் ॥ 37 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Or, the mind can be steadied by taking as its object one who is free from attachment.

ஸ்வப்ன நித்³ரா ஜ்ஞானாலம்ப³னம் வா ॥ 38 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Or, steadiness may be supported by insight gained from dreams and sleep.

யதா²பி⁴மதத்⁴யானாத்³வா ॥ 39 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Or, by meditating on anything that is personally agreeable and elevating.

பரமாணு பரம மஹத்த்வாந்தோஸ்ய வஶீகார: ॥ 4௦ ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Mastery of the mind extends from the smallest to the greatest.

க்ஷீணவ்ருத்தேரபி⁴ஜாதஸ்யேவ மணேர்க்³ரஹீத்ருக்³ரஹண க்³ராஹ்யேஷு தத்ஸ்த² தத³ஞ்ஜனதா ஸமாபத்தி: ॥ 41 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When the mind's fluctuations are weakened, the mind becomes like a clear jewel, taking on the tint of the knower, the act of knowing, and the known - this is complete absorption.

தத்ர ஶப்³தா³ர்த² ஜ்ஞான விகல்பை: ஸங்கீர்ணா ஸவிதர்கா ஸமாபத்தி: ॥ 42 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
There, absorption accompanied by gross conceptual activity is the state in which word, meaning, knowledge, and conceptualization are intermingled.

ஸ்ம்ருதி பரிஶுத்³தௌ⁴ ஸ்வரூப ஶூன்யேவார்த² மாத்ரனிர்பா⁴ஸா நிர்விதர்கா ॥ 43 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When memory is purified, the mind becomes as if empty of its own form, and only the object shines forth in awareness.

ஏதயைவ ஸவிசாரா நிர்விசாரா ச ஸூக்ஷ்மவிஷயா வ்யாக்²யாதா ॥ 44 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
By the same reasoning, absorptions on subtle objects - with or without subtle reflection - are explained.

ஸூக்ஷ்ம விஷயத்வம் சாலிங்க³பர்யவஸானம் ॥ 45 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The subtle-object domain culminates in the unmanifest.

தா ஏவ ஸபீ³ஜ: ஸமாதி⁴: ॥ 46 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
These are forms of absorption with a supporting seed.

நிர்விசார வைஶாராத்³யேத்⁴யாத்மப்ரஸாத:³ ॥ 47 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
From the lucidity of reflection-free absorption arises inner serenity and clarity.

ருதம்ப⁴ரா தத்ர ப்ரஜ்ஞா ॥ 48 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
In that state, the insight is truth-bearing.

ஶ்ருதானுமான ப்ரஜ்ஞாப்⁴யாமன்யவிஷயா விஶேஷார்த²த்வாத் ॥ 49 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
It is different from knowledge gained through scripture or inference, because it pertains to the direct apprehension of the specific reality.

தஜ்ஜ: ஸம்ஸ்காரோன்யஸம்ஸ்கார ப்ரதிப³ந்தீ⁴ ॥ 5௦ ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
The impression born of that insight blocks other impressions.

தஸ்யாபி நிரோதே⁴ ஸர்வனிரோதா⁴ன்னிர்பீ³ஜஸ்ஸமாதி⁴: ॥ 51 ॥

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
When even that impression is stilled, through complete cessation, seedless absorption is realized.

இதி பாதஞ்ஜலயோக³த³ர்ஶனே ஸமாதி⁴பாதோ³ நாம ப்ரத²ம: பாத:³ ।

Translation (பா⁴வார்த²):
Thus ends the first chapter, called "Samadhi Pada," in Patanjali's Yoga Darshana.




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