Patanjali Yoga Sutras - 2 (Sadhana Pada) - Odia

ପାତଂଜଲି ୟୋଗ ସୂତ୍ରାଣି are concise aphorisms meant to be lived, not merely understood. They read like a pocket-sized psychology of attention: how the mind gets scattered, why suffering repeats, and what kind of training makes clarity stable.

In ସମାଧି ପାଦ, Patanjali defined ୟୋଗ as the stilling of the mind's fluctuations (ଚିତ୍ତ-ଵୃତ୍ତି-ନିରୋଧଃ) and described what becomes visible when the mind is quieter: the ଦ୍ରଷ୍ଟୃ (seer) stands distinct from what is seen. He mapped the kinds of mental movement, the role of ଅଭ୍ୟାସ and ଵୈରାଗ୍ୟ, the obstacles that disrupt steadiness, and several skillful remedies (attitudes like ମୈତ୍ରୀ/କରୁଣା, breath-based settling, and ଈଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରଣିଧାନ).

As you read, notice the chapter's rhythm: diagnosis first, then remedy; inner work and outer discipline reinforcing each other. Classical ୟୋଗ commentaries treat this chapter as the practical spine of the text, because it shows how clarity becomes a stable character rather than a passing mood.

ଅଥ ସାଧନପାଦଃ ।

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Now begins the chapter on disciplined practice.

ତପଃ ସ୍ଵାଧ୍ୟାୟେଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରଣିଧାନାନି କ୍ରିୟାୟୋଗଃ ॥1॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The yoga of disciplined practice consists of disciplined effort, self-study, and dedication to the Lord.

ସମାଧିଭାଵନାର୍ଥଃ କ୍ଲେଶତନୂକରଣାର୍ଥଶ୍ଚ ॥2॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Its purpose is to cultivate deep meditation and to weaken the afflictions.

ଅଵିଦ୍ୟାସ୍ମିତାରାଗଦ୍ଵେଷାଭିନିଵେଶାଃ କ୍ଲେଶାଃ ॥3॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Ignorance, egoism, craving, aversion, and clinging are the afflictions.

ଅଵିଦ୍ୟା କ୍ଷେତ୍ରମୁତ୍ତରେଷାଂ ପ୍ରସୁପ୍ତତନୁଵିଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନୋଦାରାଣାମ୍ ॥4॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Ignorance is the field in which the other afflictions exist, whether dormant, weakened, intermittent, or active.

ଅନିତ୍ୟାଶୁଚିଦୁଃଖାନାତ୍ମସୁ ନିତ୍ୟଶୁଚିସୁଖାତ୍ମଖ୍ୟାତିରଵିଦ୍ୟା ॥5॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Ignorance is seeing the impermanent as permanent, the impure as pure, the painful as pleasant, and what is not the Self as the Self.

ଦୃଗ୍ଦର୍ଶନଶକ୍ତ୍ୟୋରେକାତ୍ମତେଵାସ୍ମିତା ॥6॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Egoism is the identification of the seer with the power of perception.

ସୁଖାନୁଶୟୀ ରାଗଃ ॥7॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Craving is the latent pull that follows pleasurable experience.

ଦୁଃଖାନୁଶୟୀ ଦ୍ଵେଷଃ ॥8॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Aversion is the latent push-away that follows painful experience.

ସ୍ଵରସଵାହୀ ଵିଦୁଷୋଽପି ତଥାରୂଢୋଽଭିନିଵେଶଃ ॥9॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Clinging to life, flowing instinctively, is firmly rooted even in the wise.

ତେ ପ୍ରତିପ୍ରସଵହେୟାଃ ସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମାଃ ॥10॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The subtle afflictions are removed by resolving them back into their source.

ଧ୍ୟାନହେୟାସ୍ତଦ୍ଵୃତ୍ତୟଃ ॥11॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Their active movements are removed through meditation.

କ୍ଲେଶମୂଲଃ କର୍ମାଶୟୋ ଦୃଷ୍ଟାଦୃଷ୍ଟଜନ୍ମଵେଦନୀୟଃ ॥12॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The storehouse of karmic impressions is rooted in the afflictions, and it bears experiences in this life and in unseen (future) conditions.

ସତି ମୂଲେ ତଦ୍ ଵିପାକୋ ଜାତ୍ୟାୟୁର୍ଭୋଗାଃ ॥13॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When the root is present, its ripening produces birth circumstances, lifespan, and experiences.

ତେ ହ୍ଲାଦପରିତାପଫଲାଃ ପୁଣ୍ୟାପୁଣ୍ୟହେତୁତ୍ଵାତ୍ ॥14॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Those results are experienced as pleasure or pain, because they arise from virtue and non-virtue.

ପରିଣାମତାପସଂସ୍କାରଦୁଃଖୈର୍ଗୁଣଵୃତ୍ତିଵିରୋଧାଚ୍ଚ ଦୁଃଖମେଵ ସର୍ଵଂ ଵିଵେକିନଃ ॥15॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
For the discerning, all conditioned experience is ultimately unsatisfactory, because of change, suffering, latent impressions, and the conflicting movements of the qualities of nature.

ହେୟଂ ଦୁଃଖମନାଗତମ୍ ॥16॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Future suffering is to be avoided.

ଦ୍ରଷ୍ଟୃଦୃଶ୍ୟୟୋଃ ସଂୟୋଗୋ ହେୟହେତୁଃ॥17॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The cause of what is to be avoided is the conjunction (mis-identification) of the seer and the seen.

ପ୍ରକାଶକ୍ରିୟାସ୍ଥିତିଶୀଲଂ ଭୂତେଂଦ୍ରିୟାତ୍ମକଂ ଭୋଗାପଵର୍ଗାର୍ଥଂ ଦୃଶ୍ୟମ୍ ॥18॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The seen world, consisting of the elements and the senses, has the nature of illumination, activity, and stability, and exists for experience and for liberation.

ଵିଶେଷାଵିଶେଷଲିଂଗମାତ୍ରାଲିଂଗାନି ଗୁଣପର୍ଵାଣି ॥19॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The stages of nature's qualities range from the manifest to the subtle, the merely marked, and the unmanifest.

ଦ୍ରଷ୍ଟା ଦୃଶିମାତ୍ରଃ ଶୁଦ୍ଧୋଽପି ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟାନୁପଶ୍ୟଃ ॥20॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The seer is pure seeing itself, yet it witnesses mental contents.

ତଦର୍ଥ ଏଵ ଦୃଶ୍ୟସ୍ୟାତ୍ମା ॥21॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The very nature of the seen is for that purpose (for the seer).

କୃତାର୍ଥଂ ପ୍ରତି ନଷ୍ଟମପ୍ୟନଷ୍ଟଂ ତଦନ୍ୟସାଧାରଣତ୍ଵାତ୍ ॥22॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
For one whose purpose is fulfilled, the seen is as though ended, yet it is not ended for others, because it is shared.

ସ୍ଵସ୍ଵାମିଶକ୍ତ୍ୟୋଃ ସ୍ଵରୂପୋପଲବ୍ଧିହେତୁଃ ସଂୟୋଗଃ ॥23॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Conjunction is the cause for recognizing the true nature of the owner (seer) and the owned (seen).

ତସ୍ୟ ହେତୁରଵିଦ୍ୟା ॥24॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The cause of that conjunction is ignorance.

ତଦଭାଵାତ୍ସଂୟୋଗାଭାଵୋ ହାନଂ ତଦ୍ ଦୃଶେଃ କୈଵଲ୍ୟମ୍ ॥25॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
With the absence of ignorance comes the absence of conjunction; that is the removal of suffering and the seer's freedom.

ଵିଵେକଖ୍ୟାତିରଵିପ୍ଲଵା ହାନୋପାୟଃ ॥26॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Unbroken discernment is the means to the removal (of suffering).

ତସ୍ୟ ସପ୍ତଧା ପ୍ରାଂତଭୂମିଃ ପ୍ରଜ୍ଞା ॥27॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
In its culmination, wisdom has seven stages.

ୟୋଗାଂଗାନୁଷ୍ଠାନାଦଶୁଦ୍ଧିକ୍ଷୟେ ଜ୍ଞାନଦୀପ୍ତିରାଵିଵେକଖ୍ୟାତେଃ ॥28॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Through practicing the limbs of yoga, impurities are destroyed, and the light of insight shines forth toward discernment.

ୟମନିୟମାସନପ୍ରାଣାୟାମପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାରଧାରଣାଧ୍ୟାନସମାଧୟୋଷ୍ଟାଵଂଗାନି ॥29॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The eight limbs are ethical restraints, disciplines, posture, breath regulation, sense-withdrawal, concentration, meditation, and absorption.

ଅହିଂସାସତ୍ୟାସ୍ତେୟବ୍ରହ୍ମଚର୍ୟାପରିଗ୍ରହା ୟମାଃ ॥30॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The ethical restraints are non-harming, truthfulness, non-stealing, wise restraint, and non-possessiveness.

ଜାତିଦେଶକାଲସମୟାନଵଚ୍ଛିନ୍ନାଃ ସାର୍ଵଭୌମା ମହାଵ୍ରତମ୍ ॥31॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When not restricted by class, place, time, or circumstance, these become the great universal vow.

ଶୌଚସଂତୋଷତପଃ ସ୍ଵାଧ୍ୟାୟେଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରଣିଧାନାନି ନିୟମାଃ ॥32॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The observances are purity, contentment, disciplined effort, self-study, and dedication to the Lord.

ଵିତର୍କବାଧନେ ପ୍ରତିପକ୍ଷଭାଵନମ୍ ॥33॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When disturbed by harmful thoughts, cultivate their opposite.

ଵିତର୍କାହିଂସାଦୟଃ କୃତକାରିତାନୁମୋଦିତା ଲୋଭକ୍ରୋଧମୋହପୂର୍ଵକା ମୃଦୁମଧ୍ୟାଧିମାତ୍ରା ଦୁଃଖାଜ୍ଞାନାନଂତଫଲା ଇତି ପ୍ରତିପକ୍ଷଭାଵନମ୍ ॥34॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Harmful thoughts - whether acted on, caused, or approved, and whether mild, moderate, or intense - are rooted in greed, anger, and delusion, and they bring endless suffering and ignorance; therefore cultivate their opposite.

ଅହିଂସାପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାୟାଂ ତତ୍ସନ୍ନିଧୌ ଵୈରତ୍ୟାଗଃ ॥35॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When one is firmly established in non-harming, hostility is abandoned in one's presence.

ସତ୍ୟପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାୟାଂ କ୍ରିୟାଫଲାଶ୍ରୟତ୍ଵମ୍ ॥36॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When established in truthfulness, actions bear reliable results.

ଅସ୍ତେୟପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାୟାଂ ସର୍ଵରତ୍ନୋପସ୍ଥାନମ୍ ॥37॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When established in non-stealing, all kinds of "treasures" come to one.

ବ୍ରହ୍ମଚର୍ୟପ୍ରତିଷ୍ଠାୟାଂ ଵୀର୍ୟଲାଭଃ ॥38॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When established in wise restraint, vigor and strength are gained.

ଅପରିଗ୍ରହସ୍ଥୈର୍ୟେ ଜନ୍ମକଥଂତାସଂବୋଧଃ ॥39॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When established in non-possessiveness, understanding of the circumstances of birth arises.

ଶୌଚାତ୍ସ୍ଵାଂଗଜୁଗୁପ୍ସା ପରୈରସଂସର୍ଗଃ ॥40॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
From purity arises dispassion toward one's own body and reduced clinging-contact with others.

ସତ୍ତ୍ଵଶୁଦ୍ଧି-ସୌମନସ୍ୟୈକାଗ୍ର୍ୟେଂଦ୍ରିୟଜୟାତ୍ମଦର୍ଶନ-ୟୋଗ୍ୟତ୍ଵାନି ଚ ॥41॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
And from purity arise clarity of mind, serenity, one-pointedness, mastery of the senses, fitness for Self-knowledge, and the capacity for direct inner seeing.

ସଂତୋଷାତ୍ ଅନୁତ୍ତମଃସୁଖଲାଭଃ ॥42॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
From contentment comes the highest happiness.

କାୟେଂଦ୍ରିୟସିଦ୍ଧିରଶୁଦ୍ଧିକ୍ଷୟାତ୍ ତପସଃ ॥43॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Through disciplined effort, as impurities diminish, the body and senses gain capability and refinement.

ସ୍ଵାଧ୍ୟାୟାଦିଷ୍ଟଦେଵତାସଂପ୍ରୟୋଗଃ ॥44॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Through self-study comes communion with one's chosen guiding ideal.

ସମାଧିସିଦ୍ଧିରୀଶ୍ଵରପ୍ରଣିଧାନାତ୍ ॥45॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Through dedication to the Lord, meditative absorption is attained.

ସ୍ଥିରସୁଖମାସନମ୍ ॥46॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Posture is steady and easeful.

ପ୍ରୟତ୍ନଶୈଥିଲ୍ୟାନଂତସମାପତ୍ତିଭ୍ୟାମ୍ ॥47॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
It is mastered by relaxing effort and by attuning to the boundless.

ତତୋ ଦ୍ଵଂଦ୍ଵାନଭିଘାତଃ ॥48॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
From that comes non-disturbance by the pairs of opposites.

ତସ୍ମିନ୍ ସତି ଶ୍ଵାସପ୍ରଶ୍ଵାସୟୋର୍ଗତିଵିଚ୍ଛେଦଃ ପ୍ରାଣାୟାମଃ ॥49॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
When that is established, breath regulation is the regulation of the movement of inhalation and exhalation.

(ସ ତୁ) ବାହ୍ୟାଭ୍ୟଂତରସ୍ତଂଭଵୃତ୍ତିର୍ଦେଶକାଲସଂଖ୍ୟାଭିଃ ପରିଦୃଷ୍ଟୋ ଦୀର୍ଘସୂକ୍ଷ୍ମଃ ॥50॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
That breath regulation has external, internal, and suspended modes, and is observed and regulated by place, time, and count; it becomes long and subtle.

ବାହ୍ୟାଭ୍ୟଂତରଵିଷୟାକ୍ଷେପୀ ଚତୁର୍ଥଃ ॥51॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
The fourth breath regulation goes beyond the external and internal fields.

ତତଃ କ୍ଷୀୟତେ ପ୍ରକାଶାଵରଣମ୍ ॥52॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
From that, the veil covering clarity is diminished.

ଧାରଣାସୁ ଚ ୟୋଗ୍ୟତା ମନସଃ ॥53॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
And the mind becomes fit for concentration.

ସ୍ଵଵିଷୟାସଂପ୍ରୟୋଗେ ଚିତ୍ତସ୍ଵରୂପାନୁକାର ଇଵେଂଦ୍ରିୟାଣାଂ ପ୍ରତ୍ୟାହାରଃ ॥54॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Sense-withdrawal is when the senses no longer connect with their objects and, as if, follow the nature of the mind.

ତତଃ ପରମାଵଶ୍ୟତେଂଦ୍ରିୟାଣାମ୍ ॥55॥

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
From that comes the highest mastery of the senses.

ଇତି ପାତଂଜଲୟୋଗଦର୍ଶନେ ସାଧନପାଦୋ ନାମ ଦ୍ଵିତୀୟଃ ପାଦଃ ।

Translation (ଭାଵାର୍ଥ):
Thus ends the second chapter of Patanjali's Yoga teaching, called "The Chapter on Practice."

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